CEEn-531 Dr. Nelson
Overview
After considering all the losses from the surface, overland flow passes through the streams to the outlet of the watershed. In most of the natural streams, the cross section of the stream and the flow are both irregular and non prismatic. In many cases such cross sections are approximated with some prismatic sections like trapezoidal, rectangular or circular. In this assignment, we will compare how this approximation affects the results.
In previous assignment on GSSHA you varied surface roughness based on the land use for the overland flow. But, in this assignment, you will vary the roughness of channel and analyze the effects on the outflow.
Model Set up
Here you will use two different models, one with density of streams as 0.2 sq mile and another with 1.0 sq miles. The stream density defines the number of streams in your model. Drainage density is defined while you delineate your basin from the DEM data using TOPAZ in WMS. To simplify your job, we have attached the models with both densities here. Get 0.2 sq mile model here and 1 sq mile model here. Do not forget to edit the *.prj and *.cmt files in both the models.
In both these models, all the streams are defined to have trapezoidal cross section of same size. You will have to redefine the cross section as discussed below in respective sections.
1. Comparison of stream density with trapezoidal channel
Here you will see how the stream density affect the results. So, you will compare the models with stream density of 0.2 and 1.0 sq miles. Both these models will have trapezoidal sections.
Two different index maps are already in the models you downloaded which are based on land use and soil data. You need these index maps to define the surface roughness and infiltration data.
The following values are already entered in the models. You might want to VERIFY the values entered and YOU NEED TO ENTER SUITABLE VALUES FOR INFILTRATION AND ROUGHNESS in both the models. The following tables will be useful for looking up roughness values: link1 and link 2. The values of infiltration and roughness parameters you used in assignment 22 are good to use here.
Precipitation: 2.5 inches, Type I temporal distribution (Don't forget to convert to mm)
Manning's roughness's: Use same values used for assignment 22
Infiltration parameters: Use same values used for assignment 22
Define the channel as follows:
The stream cross sections are not of same size all over the basin. As you move downstream, streams increase in cross section because of more accumulation of water. So, Define the channel as follows
For Low density model (1 sq mile) follow this link.
For High density model (0.2 sq mile) follow this link.
Save both the project files and run GSSHA so that you capture the hydrograph properly.
Compare the results form low density model with the results from high density model.
2. Comparison of trapezoidal and natural cross section in the model with drainage density of 1.0 sq mile.
Changing the Stream cross section to Natural Section:
In the low density model you used for part 1 of this assignment, now you will change the stream cross section to more realistic 'break point cross section'. Download this file which has the cross section information and follow this link to enter the cross data.
Your low density model should have the following data. It is already defined just VERIFY if everything is entered properly.
Precipitation: 2.5 inches, Type I temporal distribution (Don't forget to convert to mm)
Manning's roughness's: Use same values used Part 1- low density model.
Infiltration parameters: Use same values used Part 1- low density model.
Run GSSHA so that you capture the hydrograph properly.
Compare the results from this simulation with the results from Part 1 low density model (i.e. model with natural cross section and trapezoidal cross section)
3. Sensitivity of Manning's n for the stream:
As the flood hydrograph flows through the streams, the roughness of the channel has a significant role on the outflow hydrograph. In this assignment, we will see how sensitive is Manning's n to the model.
Open the low density model you used for part 1 of this assignment (the model with trapezoidal cross section). Now use the following values of Manning's n for the model and rerun it. You have already run the model with Normal values (which is the model you developed in part 1 of this assignment). So, you have to create two different scenarios of Manning's n variation.
Arc Number Manning's n Normal Value Increased by 50% Decreased by 50% 1 0.075 0.1125 0.0375 2 0.08 0.12 0.04 3 0.08 0.12 0.04 4 0.08 0.12 0.04 5 0.075 0.1125 0.0375 Save the model and rerun it for both cases
Compare the results from Normal n value (Part 1 of this assignment) with both 50% increased and 50% decreased cases.
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